How STIs Affect Fertility: What You Need to Know

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like chlamydia and gonorrhea can cause infertility if untreated. 1 in 7 women in the U.S. experience infertility, and the risk rises to 25% for those with PID. 2.5 million women will develop PID in their lifetime. Regular testing and safe practices can protect fertility.

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Can STIs Cause Infertility? Here’s What You Should Know

Fertility is a person’s ability to conceive or help someone conceive, but sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can affect reproductive health. Bacterial infections like chlamydia and gonorrhea are major causes of infertility, especially when left untreated.

Who Is at Risk?

• People with vaginas: STIs can cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which scars the reproductive organs and makes pregnancy difficult.
• People with penises: STIs can lead to prostatitis, affecting sperm count and quality.

How Common Is Infertility Due to STIs?

• 1 in 7 U.S. women (13-14%) experience infertility.
• For women with PID, infertility risk jumps to 25%.
• 2.5 million women will develop PID in their lifetime.
• In 2023, there were over 1.6 million chlamydia and 600,000 gonorrhea cases in the U.S.

The Silent Threat: STIs Without Symptoms

Many STIs show no symptoms, making them hard to detect. They are called “silent” infections because people may not know they are infected. Regular testing is crucial.

When symptoms do appear, they may include:

• Pain during urination or sex
• Unusual vaginal discharge or bleeding
• Pelvic pain

How to Protect Your Fertility

1. Get tested regularly – Many STIs can be treated with antibiotics if caught early.
2. Use condoms – They provide strong protection against STIs.
3. Be in a monogamous relationship – Having one uninfected partner reduces risk.
4. Discuss safer sex – Talk openly with partners about STI prevention and testing.

The Bottom Line

STIs can have serious effects on fertility, but early detection and prevention can help protect reproductive health. By practicing safe sex and getting regular checkups, you can reduce the risk of infertility and take control of your future.

Source: https://www.ashasexualhealth.org/the-impact-of-stis-on-fertility/

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